{"id":19,"date":"2015-11-29T07:43:02","date_gmt":"2015-11-29T06:43:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fonologos.com\/nweb\/?page_id=19"},"modified":"2016-04-04T11:23:30","modified_gmt":"2016-04-04T10:23:30","slug":"trastorns-de-la-deglucio","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fonologos.com\/nweb\/patologies\/trastorns-de-la-deglucio\/","title":{"rendered":"Trastorns de la degluci\u00f3"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"trastornos-deglucion\"<\/a><\/h4>\n

A FonoLogos diagnostiquem, tractem i rehabilitem aquests trastorns en la degluci\u00f3:<\/span><\/p>\n

Degluci\u00f3 disfuncional (o at\u00edpica)<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

S\u00f3n moviments inadequats de la llengua i\/o altres estructures durant la fase oral de la degluci\u00f3. El nad\u00f3 mama amb les mand\u00edbules separades i la llengua ajustada a la tetina o al mugr\u00f3. En apar\u00e8ixer la dentici\u00f3 comen\u00e7a a mastegar i va abandonant l\u2019h\u00e0bit de succi\u00f3. Progressivament adopta el tipus de degluci\u00f3 de l\u2019adult on la llengua no es recolza contra els incisius i els llavis estan en contacte passiu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Si no es realitza adequadament aquesta transici\u00f3 i es mant\u00e9 l\u2019h\u00e0bit deglutori infantil, pot esdevenir malformaci\u00f3 de les arcades dent\u00e0ries i malposici\u00f3 de les dents que impedeix la correcta oclusi\u00f3 dels maxil\u2022lars. Tamb\u00e9 presentar\u00e0 alteracions fon\u00e8tiques de la parla.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tractament de la Degluci\u00f3 Disfuncional<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Requereix una exploraci\u00f3 a c\u00e0rrec de l\u2019otorinolaring\u00f2leg, foniatra o ortodontista per descartar una causa org\u00e0nica (carnots o am\u00edgdales palatines entre altres) que pogu\u00e9s haver passat desapercebuda.<\/span><\/p>\n

La intervenci\u00f3 logop\u00e8dica consisteix en ensenyar al nen la correcta mec\u00e0nica de la degluci\u00f3 amb reeducaci\u00f3 lingual i de la resta de m\u00fasculs implicats en la masticaci\u00f3 per a que actu\u00efn adequadament sobre les arcades dent\u00e0ries aix\u00ed com reeducaci\u00f3 de l\u2019articulaci\u00f3 de la parla.<\/span><\/p>\n

Altres Disfuncions Orofacials<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

S\u00f3n alteracions de la funci\u00f3 respirat\u00f2ria, de succi\u00f3, masticat\u00f2ria. La respiraci\u00f3 i la masticaci\u00f3 determinen en gran manera la morfologia de la cara. Aix\u00ed, alteracions en aquestes funcions induiran desequilibris en el creixement facial.<\/span><\/p>\n

El pas de l\u2019aire pot estar dificultat a trav\u00e9s de les foses nasals per la pres\u00e8ncia de carnots o p\u00f2lips, o a trav\u00e9s de la faringe per un gran desenvolupament de les am\u00edgdales palatines.<\/span><\/p>\n

Com a conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia el pacient respirar\u00e0. per la boca i si \u00e9s un nen en per\u00edode de desenvolupament se\u2019n deriven disfuncions musculars de llengua, galtes i llavis que determinen alteracions de la degluci\u00f3 (com s\u2019ha vist m\u00e9s amunt) de la forma del paladar i mand\u00edbula, malposicions dent\u00e0ries que comprometen la masticaci\u00f3, afecten a l\u2019articulaci\u00f3 t\u00e9mporo-mandibular (ATM) la compet\u00e8ncia labial i finalment l\u2019articulaci\u00f3 de la parla i l\u2019est\u00e8tica facial.<\/span>
\n Un fre lingual curt, per altra banda, tamb\u00e9 pot afectar les funcions de la llengua.<\/span><\/p>\n

Signes d\u2019alerta:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • El nen respira per la boca i sempre la t\u00e9 oberta<\/span><\/li>\n
  • T\u00e9 la cara allargada, fa ulleres i est\u00e0 p\u00e0l\u2022lid<\/span><\/li>\n
  • T\u00e9 somnol\u00e8ncia, ronca a la nit<\/span><\/li>\n
  • El llavi superior no cobreix b\u00e9 les dents o les genives<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Les dents superiors es recolzen sobre el llavi inferior.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Mirant el perfil, la mand\u00edbula sobrepassa el maxil\u2022lar superior<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Alguna o totes les peces dent\u00e0ries inferiors cobreixen les superiors<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Quan empassa contrau els llavis i la barbeta.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Li costa mastegar alguns aliments i \u201cfa bola\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Pronuncia malament alguns sons<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Disf\u00e0gia<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

    \u00c9s la dificultat en la progressi\u00f3 dels aliments des de la boca fins a l\u2019est\u00f3mac. En condicions normals la llengua i els m\u00fasculs de la masticaci\u00f3 treballen en conjunt per impulsar el bol alimentari, mastegat i insalivat, cap a la faringe. Des d\u2019aquest moment es desencadena una seq\u00fc\u00e8ncia de moviments que coordina successives contraccions i relaxacions que fan progressar el bol fins a l\u2019est\u00f3mac.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Si hi ha una causa que pertorbi algun d\u2019aquests mecanismes a qualsevol nivell, el resultat ser\u00e0 un trastorn de la degluci\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Signes d\u2019alerta:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • Dificultats per empassar s\u00f2lids, sembla que l\u2019aliment no pot passar.<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Dificultats per empassar l\u00edquids, s\u2019ennuega o sobrev\u00e9 tos a cada glop<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Infeccions respirat\u00f2ries freq\u00fcents<\/span><\/li>\n
    • El menjar torna a la boca o al nas despr\u00e9s d\u2019haver-lo empassat<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Despr\u00e9s d\u2019empassar queda sensaci\u00f3 de tenir restes alimentaris a la faringe<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Causes de disf\u00e0gia:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      • Accidents vasculars cerebrals, afeccions neurol\u00f2giques i malalties degeneratives causen descoordinaci\u00f3 en els moviments d\u2019obertura i tancament de l\u2019esf\u00ednter esof\u00e0gic superior o afecten a la funci\u00f3 valvular de la laringe.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Tumors de boca o faringe creen obstrucci\u00f3 al pas dels aliments.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Reseccions quir\u00fargiques poden alterar l\u2019anatomia i la fisiologia de la via digestiva.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Diversos f\u00e0rmacs com ara sedants, antidepressius, antipsic\u00f2tics, retrovirals, antiinflamatoris, entre altres, poden afectar a la degluci\u00f3 sobretot en persones grans.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Alteracions de la motilitat de l\u2019es\u00f2fag o estenosi (estretament) per reflux gastro \u2013 esof\u00e0gic.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Tractament de la Disf\u00e0gia:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        Despr\u00e9s d\u2019establir si l\u2019origen \u00e9s a l\u2019orofaringe o a l\u2019es\u00f2fag i si \u00e9s de naturalesa obstructiva o neuromuscular, s\u2019apliquen les mesures terap\u00e8utiques que, des del punt de vista de la rehabilitaci\u00f3 poden incloure:<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        • Canvis posturals de cap i coll per redirigir el bol alimentari.<\/span><\/li>\n
        • Est\u00edmuls sensitius per afavorir el reflex de la degluci\u00f3.<\/span><\/li>\n
        • Maniobres deglut\u00f2ries i exercicis de refor\u00e7 de la musculatura.<\/span><\/li>\n
        • Adaptaci\u00f3 de la dieta amb canvis en la mida del bol i la consist\u00e8ncia i textura dels aliments<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          A FonoLogos diagnostiquem, tractem i rehabilitem aquests trastorns en la degluci\u00f3: Degluci\u00f3 disfuncional (o at\u00edpica) S\u00f3n moviments inadequats de la llengua i\/o altres estructures durant la fase oral de la degluci\u00f3. El nad\u00f3 mama amb les mand\u00edbules separades i la llengua ajustada a la tetina o al mugr\u00f3. En apar\u00e8ixer la dentici\u00f3 comen\u00e7a a mastegar […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":17,"menu_order":10,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"yoast_head":"\nTrastorns de la degluci\u00f3 - Fonologos<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fonologos.com\/nweb\/patologies\/trastorns-de-la-deglucio\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Trastorns de la degluci\u00f3 - Fonologos\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A FonoLogos diagnostiquem, tractem i rehabilitem aquests trastorns en la degluci\u00f3: Degluci\u00f3 disfuncional (o at\u00edpica) S\u00f3n moviments inadequats de la llengua i\/o altres estructures durant la fase oral de la degluci\u00f3. El nad\u00f3 mama amb les mand\u00edbules separades i la llengua ajustada a la tetina o al mugr\u00f3. 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El nad\u00f3 mama amb les mand\u00edbules separades i la llengua ajustada a la tetina o al mugr\u00f3. 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